時(shí)間：2011-04-18 00:47來(lái)源：藍(lán)天飛行翻譯 作者：航空 點(diǎn)擊：次
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3.An arriving aircraft is cleared to the destination airport via V45 Delta VOR direct; the aircraft is cleared to cross Delta VOR at 10,000 feet, and then to maintain 6,000 feet. Prior to Delta VOR, the controller issues an amended clearance as follows: “turn right heading one eight zero for vector to runway three six I.L.S approach, maintain six thousand.” NOTE. Because the altitude restriction “cross Delta V.O.R at 10,000 feet” was omitted from the amended clearance, it is no longer in effect. h.Pilots of turbojet aircraft equipped with afterburner engines should advise ATC prior to takeoff if they intend to use afterburning during their climb to the en route altitude. Often, the controller may be able to plan traffic to accommodate a high performance climb and allow the aircraft to climb to the planned altitude without restriction. i.If an “expedite” climb or descent clearance is issued by ATC, and the altitude to maintain is subsequently changed or restated without an expedite instruction, the expedite instruction is canceled. Expedite climb/descent normally indicates to the AIM pilot that the approximate best rate of climb/descent should be used without requiring an exceptional change in aircraft handling characteristics. Normally controllers will inform pilots of the reason for an instruction to expedite. 4.4.11. IFR Separation Standards a.ATC effects separation of aircraft vertically by assigning different altitudes; longitudinally by providing an interval expressed in time or distance between aircraft on the same, converging, or crossing courses, and laterally by assigning different flight paths. b.Separation will be provided between all aircraft operating on IFR flight plans except during that part of the flight (outside Class B airspace or a TRSA) being conducted on a VFR-on-top/VFR conditions clearance. Under these conditions, ATC may issue traffic advisories, but it is the sole responsibility of the pilot to be vigilant so as to see and avoid other aircraft. c.When radar is employed in the separation of aircraft at the same altitude, a minimum of 3 miles separation is provided between aircraft operating within 40 miles of the radar antenna site, and 5 miles between aircraft operating beyond 40 miles from the antenna site. These minima may be increased or decreased in certain specific situations. NOTE. Certain separation standards are increased in the terminal environment when CENRAP is being utilized. 4.4.12. Speed Adjustments a.ATC will issue speed adjustments to pilots of radar-controlled aircraft to achieve or maintain required or desire spacing. b.ATC will express all speed adjustments in terms of knots based on indicated airspeed (IAS) in 10 knot increments except that at or above FL 240 speeds may be expressed in terms of Mach numbers in 0.01 increments. The use of Mach numbers is restricted to turbojet aircraft with Mach meters. c.Pilots complying with speed adjustments are expected to maintain a speed within plus or minus 10 knots or 0.02 Mach number of the specified speed. d.When ATC assigns speed adjustments, it will be in accordance with the following recommended minimums: ATC Clearances and Aircraft Separation 4.4.7 1. To aircraft operating between FL 280 and 10,000 feet, a speed not less than 250 knots or the equivalent Mach number. NOTE. 1.On a standard day the Mach numbers equivalent to 250 knots CAS (subject to minor variations) are: FL 240.0.6 FL 250.0.61 FL 260.0.62 FL 270.0.64 FL 280.0.65 FL 290.0.66. 2.When an operational advantage will be realized, speeds lower than the recommended minima may be applied. 2. To arriving turbojet aircraft operating below 10,000 feet: (a) A speed not less than 210 knots, except; (b) Within 20 flying miles of the airport of intended landing, a speed not less than 170 knots. 3. To arriving reciprocating engine or turboprop aircraft within 20 flying miles of the runway threshold of the airport of intended landing, a speed not less than 150 knots. 4. To departing aircraft: (a)Turbojet aircraft, a speed not less than 230 knots. (b)Reciprocating engine aircraft, a speed not less than 150 knots. e.When ATC combines a speed adjustment with a descent clearance, the sequence of delivery, with the word “then” between, indicates the expected order of execution. EXAMPLE. 1.Descend and maintain (altitude); then, reduce speed to (speed). 2.Reduce speed to (speed); then, descend and maintain (altitude). NOTE. The maximum speeds below 10,000 feet as established in 14 CFR Section 91.117 still apply. If there is any doubt concerning the manner in which such a clearance is to be executed, request clarification from ATC. f. If ATC determines (before an approach clearance is issued) that it is no longer necessary to apply speed adjustment procedures, they will inform the pilot to resume normal speed. Approach clearances supersede any prior speed adjustment assignments, and pilots are expected to make their own speed adjustments, as necessary, to complete the approach. Under certain circumstances, however, it may be necessary for ATC to issue further speed adjustments after approach clearance is issued to maintain separation between successive arrivals. Under such circumstances, previously issued speed adjustments will be restated if that speed is to be maintained or additional speed adjustments are requested. ATC must obtain pilot concurrence for speed adjustments after approach clearances are issued. Speed adjustments should not be assigned inside the final approach fix on final or a point 5 miles from the runway, whichever is closer to the runway. NOTE. An instruction to “resume normal speed” does not delete speed restrictions that are contained in a published procedure, unless specifically stated by ATC, nor does it relieve the pilot of those speed restrictions which are applicable to 14 CFR Section 91.117. |
